The Hog Problem Case Study Integrated Logistics free essay sample

The hog slaughtering plant located in Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2. 5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of Saskatchewan via truck. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm. This variation in size subsequently affects the loading/unloading time span, which vary from one and half hour to four and half hours. The number of farms does not necessary pose a logistics problem for the plant’s Logistics Manager. Through careful analysis, the main issues for the slaughtering plant have been identified as fleet routing and scheduling. Due to a variation of lead times over the year, the plant struggles with the task of determining optimum fleet size and composition. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hog Problem Case Study: Integrated Logistics or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The problem basically consists of finding the optimum set of routes that represent the lowest possible total cost and/or total travel time. The plant is dealing with the repositioning of trucks to serve its supply demand and determining a number of transportation units that optimally balance supply requirements against the cost of maintaining the transportation units. In order to increase truck utilization and achieve better performance, the plant has to adequately and efficiently ensure the scheduling of a steady supply of hogs. My decision is to recommend that the slaughter plant outsource its logistics to a qualified third party logistics supplier. Table of Contents Executive Summary2 PART 1 ISSUE IDENTIFICATION4 Time Constraints4 Truck Utilization4 Dependency on Farmers Delivery5 Lead Time Fluctuation5 PART 2- ENVIRONMENTAL AND ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS5 PART 3 ALTERNATIVES AND OPTIONS7 Alternative 1 – Utilize Owned Fleet7 Alternative 2 – Utilize Third Party Logistics Provider8 Alternative 3 –Integrated Logistics/Operational Solution8 PART 4 RECOMMENDATION AND IMPLEMENTATION9 Recommendation9 Contingency Plan10 Implementation10 PART 5 MONITOR AND CONTROL11 PART 6 CONCLUSION MANAGEMENT PLAN11 ? PART 1 ISSUE IDENTIFICATION Through careful analysis, the main issues for the slaughtering plant have been identified as fleet routing and scheduling. Due to a variation of lead times over the year, the plant struggles with the task of determining optimum fleet size and composition. The problem basically consists of finding the optimum set of routes that represent the lowest possible total cost and/or total travel time. The plant is dealing with the repositioning of trucks to serve its supply demand and determining a number of transportation units that optimally balance supply requirements against the cost of maintaining the transportation units. In order to increase truck utilization and achieve better performance, the plant has to adequately and efficiently ensure the scheduling of a steady supply of hogs. These strategic logistical problems are symptoms of the following underlining complex issues faced by the plant. Time Constraints Nature: StrategicTiming: Short Term and Long Time The slaughtering operation at the plant runs from 7am to 5pm. Live hogs are received between 7am and midnight. There are also restrictions on pick-up times. In addition, loading operations at the suppliers’ premises run from 7a. m. to 9 p. m. This has implications for the number of pens, and the way inventory is managed on a daily basis. Truck Utilization Nature: StrategicTiming: Short Term and Long Time One load of hogs has to be transported from its pick-up location (farms) to its delivery location (plant). From the plant a truck is sent empty to its next farm destination. A truck visits only one farm on any given trip. When a truck arrives at a location early, or if the farmer is too busy to load the hogs, then the truck has to wait until the loader becomes available. These waiting times severely delay trucks and thus increase the cost of transportation and extend the lead times. Moreover, the trucks inefficient utilization have negative affects on the fixed cost of owned vehicles. ? Dependency on Farmers Delivery Nature: TacticalTiming: Short Term Approximately 25% of the shipments to the plant arrive in farmer-owned trucks. These shipments vary in size from 50 to 200 hogs. The farmer’s scheduled delivery affects the overall hogs supply, and the plant is heavily dependent on the farmers schedule accuracy. Lead Time Fluctuation Nature: TacticalTiming: Short Term Lead time varies significantly, which affects the inventory cycle. The plant has to set a safety stock that will protect the production against stock outs, vehicle breakdowns, weather related delays and the shortage of supply from farmers and hogs barns. PART 2- ENVIRONMENTAL AND ROOT CAUSE ANALYSIS The hog slaughtering plant located in Brendon, Manitoba has the capacity to slaughter 2. 5 million hogs per year, around 50,000 per week and 10,000 per day. Hogs arrive at the slaughter plant from all over Manitoba and certain parts of Saskatchewan by trucks. Every farm is located within a different distance from the slaughter facility and delivery lead times vary from as low as half an hour to as high as three and a half hours. Farms vary in size, which impacts the lot sizes for each respective farm. This variation in size subsequently affects the loading/unloading time span, which vary from one and half hour to four and half hours. The following tables identifies the variances between lot sizes, distance from different farms and respective transit time from each farm. AreaAnnual Hog Supply from This Ares (100’s)Average DistanceAverage One-Way Transit Time From Area to Plant A – Brandon local10025 km30 min B – Brandon regional 10075 km1. 0 hour C – Portage la Prairie 100150 km2. 0 hours D – Winnipeg 450200 km2. 5 hours E – Morris 450250 km3. 0 hours F – Steinbach 450300 km3. 5 hours G – Teulon 150250 km3. 0 hours H – Arborg 100300 km3. 5 hours I – Dauphin 100150 km2. 0 hours J – Roblin 100200 km2. 5 hours K – Saskatchewan SE100150 km2. 0 hours L – Saskatchewan SW100250 km3. 0 hours M – Saskatchewan NE100250 km3. 0 hours N – Saskatchewan NW100300 km3. 5 hours Total2500 The number of farms does not necessary pose a logistics problem for the plant’s Logistics Manager. The main issues are the location and size of the various operations, which requires the Logistics Manager to know exactly where and when to arrange pickup for hog shipments. Hogs are processed for slaughter either in finishing barns or in farrow-to-finish operations and each barn holds approximately 2,000 hogs, which require on average 16 weeks to reach marketable weight. Three batches of 2,000 hogs are processes annually at each barn, which represents approximately 6,000 hogs a year. Nearly 80% of the hogs on the market come from finishing operations compared to only 20% from smaller operations. Manitoba Pork Marketing is a producer-controlled marketing agency, which maintains assembly yards for small farms that are not able to produce enough hogs to fill a full truckload. In addition, Manitoba Pork Marketing collects hogs from these various small farms to enable the fulfilling of complete truckload shipments to be delivered to the slaughter plant in Manitoba. The slaughter plant enters into agreements with either the farrow-to-finish farmers or Manitoba Pork Marketing. Every shipment is received from a single point of origin, which may consist of a single barn in a finishing operation, a single farrow-to-finish farm or an assemble yard. Roughly 25% of the shipments arrive in farmer owned trucks, which vary in lot size between 50 to 200 hogs per shipment, and 75% shipments arrive from other arrangements made by the plant. The data within the following table represents the average number of hogs and size of shipments that arrive in farmer owned trucks versus shipments that are arranged by the Logistics Manager.

Free Essays on Richard Serra

Richard Serra Assignment Richard Serra is a sculptor whose work is highly criticized because of its simplistic nature. Richard Serra’s artistic ability isn’t a new realization, for his mother realized his creativity when he was a young child in elementary. She highly encouraged his artwork and introduced Richard as ‘the Artist.’ Richard then continued testing his abilities and painted art pieces. Throughout his high school years, beginning at the age of 16, Richard worked in steel mills, including Bethlehem Steel and Ryerson Steel. He didn’t realize this at the time, but the education learned at the steel mills would greatly influence his later work. While attending Yale, Richard became interested in the stuffing on animals. He, in fact, stuffed several animals and displayed them in cages to appear as if they were alive. As one could guess, this was extremely criticized and not looked upon as ‘art.’ A company in San Francisco, Richard’s hometown, was closing and about to destroy its two tons of rubber; rather, Richard called the company and bought the rubber from them. Intricately designing the rubber upon the floor of his workshop, Richard made his first sculpture-another piece looked down upon. Richard then realized that he needed to individual himself. From a friend of his, he had several sheets of lead sent to his home in San Francisco. Richard propped the lead up in several different designs, realizing the flexibility and versatility of the lead. Recalling his knowledge in steel, Richard called his old steel plants and had several tons of sheets of steel sent to his home also. It was then that Richard began to manipulate the steel in designs that were so geometrically correct and artistically unique, that they almost crossed into architecture. Steel became Richard Serra’s predominant use of material for his sculpture. His analytical eye allowed him to view the steel in a very unique and intell... Free Essays on Richard Serra Free Essays on Richard Serra Richard Serra Assignment Richard Serra is a sculptor whose work is highly criticized because of its simplistic nature. Richard Serra’s artistic ability isn’t a new realization, for his mother realized his creativity when he was a young child in elementary. She highly encouraged his artwork and introduced Richard as ‘the Artist.’ Richard then continued testing his abilities and painted art pieces. Throughout his high school years, beginning at the age of 16, Richard worked in steel mills, including Bethlehem Steel and Ryerson Steel. He didn’t realize this at the time, but the education learned at the steel mills would greatly influence his later work. While attending Yale, Richard became interested in the stuffing on animals. He, in fact, stuffed several animals and displayed them in cages to appear as if they were alive. As one could guess, this was extremely criticized and not looked upon as ‘art.’ A company in San Francisco, Richard’s hometown, was closing and about to destroy its two tons of rubber; rather, Richard called the company and bought the rubber from them. Intricately designing the rubber upon the floor of his workshop, Richard made his first sculpture-another piece looked down upon. Richard then realized that he needed to individual himself. From a friend of his, he had several sheets of lead sent to his home in San Francisco. Richard propped the lead up in several different designs, realizing the flexibility and versatility of the lead. Recalling his knowledge in steel, Richard called his old steel plants and had several tons of sheets of steel sent to his home also. It was then that Richard began to manipulate the steel in designs that were so geometrically correct and artistically unique, that they almost crossed into architecture. Steel became Richard Serra’s predominant use of material for his sculpture. His analytical eye allowed him to view the steel in a very unique and intell...

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 18

Assignment - Essay Example Where is it at this time? Plan: Remember that gravity is acting against the ball, so the acceleration a = -g = - (constant of gravity near Earth’s surface) = - 9.8 m/s2. Due to gravity, at some point the ball is going to stop (v=0 at the maximum height that the ball reaches) and start to fall back down. We will use +y direction as the up direction. 2b.Next, from the same position, you throw an identical ball (Ball 2) straight down with the same launch speed as in the previous question. How fast will the ball be traveling 2 seconds later and where is it at this time?   The reason for this is that ball 1 reaches its maximum height, then falls back down. When it crosses the point where the platform is, it has the same speed it initially had when thrown up, only now it is going downwards with the same speed. Proof of this: Take ball 1, and find the final speed it would have if the final y value is the same as the initial y value (so that the ball is released from the platform, goes up, and comes right back to the platform). Use the equation vf2 = v02 -2g(yf-y0); the initial and final y values are the same, so their difference is 0 and we have vf2 = v02 -2g(0)= v02 ïÆ' ¨ in other words, vf and v0 have the same magnitudes, but different directions: vf = -v0 3.The ceiling of a classroom is 3.75 m above the floor. A student tosses an apple vertically upward, releasing it 0.5 m above the floor. What is the maximum initial speed that can be given to the apple if it is not to touch the

Is 'gender chaos' an accurate reflection of how the twentieth century Essay

Is 'gender chaos' an accurate reflection of how the twentieth century affected the roles of men and women in African societi - Essay Example With the coming of the colonial government however, these roles came to be directly challenged, as it sought to redesign the African way of life according to its liking. The colonial policies tended to result in chaos between the genders as each strived to maintain the roles that it had traditionally held in the traditional society. Many of the policies that the colonial government instituted were aimed at achieving certain imperial goals but these came to be resisted by the men and women in African societies who felt that their way of life was being threatened by the European colonizers. While the initial response was resistance, this resistance came to fall apart as many African societies either adapted to the European way of life or chose to abandon the gender roles, which they had held in the traditional society. Therefore, it can be said that it is indeed true that gender chaos is a true reflection of how the roles of African men and women were affected in the twentieth century. The colonial policies on various issues came to affect the way men and women in African societies behaved and it can be said that they may have caused gender chaos. The colonial government tended to put limits on some of the traditional practices of African societies in order to achieve one goal or the other. While some of these intentions may have been good, they tended to create a lot of discord in the African communities involved, with some either choosing to ignore the colonial policies while others tended to do it the way they were required, and later do it the traditional way. An example of such colonial policies is given by Lynn Thomas (2003) who in her work states that in order to reduce the instances of abortion in the Meru community in Kenya, the colonial government decided that the age of female excision was to be reduced. This was done because while it was a normal thing within this community for women to have premarital sex, if they became pregnant before excision, the n they were required by their communities to abort the child. This requirement came about because those girls who had not been excised were considered not to be real women and their offspring were considered not to be human but demons. Such forced abortions were believed by the colonial government to be the reason why there were low birthrates among the Meru leading to low population growth. This colonial policy met with resistance from members of the community especially the women, who saw this as a violation of their traditions. While there was compliance with the colonial requirements, the older women in the society and at times the girls involved, often took it upon themselves to do the excision on the girls at the required age, even though these girls had already undergone the operation. The role of women in African societies came to change during the period of the struggle for independence against colonial rule. In many of the African traditional societies, men were the domina nt gender being given preferential treatment in the attainment of all the prominent positions in society. Women, on the other hand, were less visible, often concentrating on the management of their own homes and families. This was the custom throughout most of Africa until such a time as Africa came to be colonized. For several decades after colonization, the role of women in society remained the same but this came to change when some women started gaining the

System Thinking Approach to Problem Solution

System Thinking Approach to Problem Solution Introduction System thinking is an important component in the climate system, and plays a key role in diagnosing the organisation by using different methodologies .System thinking is an approach for looking at problems from many angles, looking at the whole problem rather than parts (Jackson 2008). In this assignment the writer will explore A problem issue and use the appropriate methodology to solve the problem. Problem Situation Arab National Bank (ANB), a Saudi Joint Stock Company, is one of the top ten banks in the Middle East. Since its inception in mid- 1979, ANB has operated through its 143 local branches, 21 Womens sections and one branch in London, UK since 1991. Arab Bank offers a full range of domestic and international commercial and Islamic products and services to the retail and corporate sectors. The bank also offers consultancy and investment, mutual funds and assets management, local and international equity trading, foreign exchange and treasury services. They are several principal activities, for example, firstly, retail banking such as deposit, credit and investment products for individuals. Secondly , corporate banking such as loans , deposits and other credit products for corporate, institutional customers, small to medium sized businesses and the Banks London branch. Finally, treasury banking: manages the banks trading and investment portfolios and the banks funding and liquidity, currency, and commission risk. The banks staff currently has 3, 532 employees, of which 90 % are Saudi Citizens (ANB). The bank previously achieved significant profits in the absence of real competition and lack of banks and the Public Pension Agency transfers salaries of retirees through ANB, but recently the bank has faced several major problems such as increased staff turnover. Many qualified employees who have several responsibilities in their departments have resigned and gone to other banks. ANB is facing real challenges, particularly the emergence of new competitors with the emergence of new banks after Saudi Arabia joined the World Trade Organization. The new banks such as Al Belad and Al Jazerah are attractive to experienced and skilled employees, because they offer high salaries and a good environment. Also, skilled employees in ANB are working under stressful circumstances; they are working for long hours without motivation. When skilled and knowledgeable employees leave Arab Bank, it is not easy to find alternative employees. This has had a bad effect on ANBs success and growth. Metaphor The essence of metaphor is understanding and experiencing one kind of thing in terms of another (Lackoff and Johnson, 1980, p 5). For this study metaphors are used to explore and investigate the subsurface of our problem situation. Metaphors are considered as lenses to expose our worldview and creative thinking. They can be used to understand how different organisations work and how managers can transform their way working and recognise the hidden problems in organisations. Morgan (1997) pointed out that the metaphors in his writing are a good example of how to use metaphor in organisations. According to Mutch (2006, p19) The material on the use of metaphor in organizational analysis suggests a number of approaches. There has been considerable interest in exploring the literary devices that might be used, going beyond the use of metaphor to explore, Morgan (1986) mentions eight metaphors while Jackson (2003) added from Alvesson and Deetz (1996) a ninth one, as follows: Brain: information processing system and efficiency in solving problem. Flux and transformation: wisdom, attractors, chaos and complexity Culture: Society, values, beliefs, laws, ideology, diversity and history Political system: rights, power, hidden agendas, leaders and conflict management Psychic prison: unconscious processes and workaholics Instrument of domination: discrimination , compliance and charisma Carnivals: minimise order and support creativity. Organism: organizations dealing with their environments, structures and improvement. Machine: efficiency, timeliness, and quality Is recognised as a technical appearance that has several (often standardised) parts each with a definite function. Much emphasis is placed on the efficiency of the parts. The machine operates in a routine and repetitive fashion and performs predetermined sets of activites, seeking the rational and efficient means of reaching preset goals and objectives (Flood and Jackson, 1991, p 8). To explore the above stated problem situation, the writer decided to use the organism metaphor as a dominant metaphor and machine metaphor as a dependent metaphor. Organism is relevant because Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has joined the World Trade Organisation. The writer chose these for two reasons; first, the long history for ANB as a profit company (organization structure); second efficiency of production activities in a machine constituted of interlocking parts (organization efficiency). Thus ANB needs adaptations to a new environment .The organization exist in a competitive global environment where there is strong competition for investment, markets and skilled employees. ANB is a profit company and needs to be flexible and to keep eyes on the market because it needs to maintain market share to achieve its targets. On the other hand, is the system of work in ANB is routine, and like a machine, for example tellers and customer services. System of System Methodologies (SOSM) A Complex system is a complicated system that has a large number of subsystems to be operated, and many interactions between the elements. A simple system is a system with clear system with a small number of subsystems to be operated. The operation in the Bank is based on a complicated system with a large numbers of subsystems such as many complex computing and information systems, frequently updated data and financial operations. Employees from the practical and support sides both have diverse views and interests but have the same career expectations (unitary) at ANB. In the writers opinion, this means the problem situation in the ANB is complex unitary situation that involves real world performance as illustrated below, a modified version. Jackson and Keys (1984) suggest that choice of an appropriate system methodology depends on the nature of the problem context. They introduced a matrix, later modified by Jackson to help in classifying contexts. According to system complexity an d participants (see figure A1) . Participants: Participants are individuals who participate to achieve common goals, share the same interests or takes part in something. According to Flood and Jackson ( 1991) participants are divided into three groups : First ; unitary ,they share the common interests , have highly compatible values and beliefs , and large agreement upon ends and means. They all participate in decision making. Secondly, Pluralist; they have basic compatibility of interests and their values and beliefs disagree to some extent .They do not necessarily agree upon ends and means but they participate in decision making .They proceed in accordance with decided objectives. Finally, Coercive; they do not share common interests .Their values and beliefs are likely to conflict .They do not agree upon ends and means. Paradigms: The word paradigm is now commonly used to refer to something like world view or way of seeing things (Jackson, 2008, p 37). According to Jackson and Gregory (2008), therefore are four types of paradigm: The functionalist paradigm: promotes efficiency, effectiveness, survival and adaptation. Related with this paradigm are the machine , organism , brain , and flux and transformational metaphors . The interpretive paradigm: helps managers to search for the degree of shared corporate culture in the organization, increasing commitment and superiority in work life. The culture and political metaphors are related to this paradigm. The emancipator paradigm: pays attention to discrimination based on class, sex, race, and disability. Related to this paradigm are the psychic prison and instruments of domination metaphors. The postmodern paradigm: takes a less serious view of organization, believes it is too difficult to understand using any other paradigm, emphasises having fun in the organizations, and that one can learn much by bringing conflict to the organization surface. The metaphor of the carnival is associated with this paradigm. So I can be seen from these paradigms that the ANB paradigm is functionalist. Having looked at metaphors, system, participants and paradigms, it can be suggested that organism is a dominate and machine the dependant metaphor, organization paradigm is functionalist and the content is complex and unitary. Because the issue as a complex one and as the participants are unitary, it could be said that VSM is the most effective methodology to deal with this issue because this methodology is characterised as complex-unitary. It is also approach for a situation where the participants are functionalist, whishing to promote efficiency, effectiveness and adaptation. Therefore, it is applicable to proceed to the Viable System Methodology (VSM). Application of Viable System Methodology (VSM) The VSM is used in the process of viable systems diagnosis. The VSM offers solutions to problems of complexity; it remains weak in dealing with pluralism, conflict and coercion. This weakness stems from the organism and brain metaphors it employs and the functionalist paradigm it is usually associated with (Jackson and Gregory, 2008, p 49). According to Flood and Jackson (1991), The VSM is an arrangement of five functional elements (systems 1-5) that are interconnected through a complex of information and control loops. VSM help self organisation and localised management of problems. Also emphasis is placed on the relationship between the viable unit and the environment. As mentioned above, the model is made up of five systems 1 5 which may be categorized as implementation, co-ordination, control, development and policy. To diagnose problems in VSM it is important that the functions handled by these five systems be effectively performed in all organisations (Jackson and Gregory, 2008). The VSM is shown in the diagram figure B1, with the relevant elements of ANB indicated. According to Jackson and Gregory (2008):- System 1 has parts directly connected with implementation, and absorbs much of the environmental variety. In the diagram we can see that the departments are connected with the managers and environment. However, it is clear that there is no co-ordination function with system 2. Also there is no clear feedback to top management, so this is considered to be problem. Under normal circumstances compatible instruction from higher management should ensure that various parts of system 1 act in harmony (Jackson and Gregory, 2008). Actually the function in system 1 tries to act in its own best interests but has only local information to go on . System 2 is an essential system because, given their self-rule, the parts of system 1 is liable to take uncoordinated decisions. There is no co-ordination in the organisation and system 2 is vacant. System 3, called the audit channel, gives direct access to the circumstances of relationships in the operations. This control position is should be the CEO. It is clear that there is lack of communication between system 1 and 2 with system 3. The responsibility for this matter lies with system 4 for passing a co-ordinated plan down the line to system 1 and giving the negative feedback to CEO. System 4 is a development function of the organisation and has two tasks. The first task is it switches the orders down to the lower level, then switch responses upwards. The second task is to capture for the organisation all related information about the environment. This is totally neglected in the ANB and there is no connection between the executive committee (Intelligence) and long term environment and there is a weak contact and competition between the short term environment and other departments. There is a lack of information about the external environment or statistics of client satisfaction of ANB does not examine the strong competition between the organisation and others and is not aware of the threats and attractiveness of competitors in the absence of motivation in the organisation. Thus there is no benefit from system 4. System 5 is responsible for policy and making decisions. In the organisation the internal demands are represented by the commitment of autonomic management but external demands are not represented by system 4 and not taken into account because there is no link between system 4 and the environment. After diagnosing the problem in VSM, now this problem will be solved by redesigning the problem using the same basic diagram in figure B2. Board of management policy As shown in the diagram (figure B2), in system 1 the departments perform better because the co-ordination function in system 2 is set, Therefore it is performed effectively and the manager of every department keeps in touch with the co-ordination in system 2 . System 2 as a co-ordination function gives the feedback to system 3, then system 3 accesses the information and feeds back to system 4. System 4 now has a link with the environment to capture for the organisation all relevant information about other organisations and transmit the information to other departments. This will supplying the department of human resources in system 1 with the information and resources to motivate staff and retain them in their work to achieve the goals of the organisation. Recommendations There are a number of important changes which need to be made and so are some recommendation are listed below:- Redesign the reward system to be equivalent to the competitors. Use motivation and recognition system to keep employees loyalty to the organisation Set up a process of evaluation to improve the organisation staff. Criticism When VSM is used to diagnose a problem and concentrate on some levels, sometimes, It leads to lack of information on particular individual assistance to achieve the goals for each level. VSM cares about some features of the organization. However Flood and Jackson (1991) point out that VSM neglects the purposeful role of individuals, such as organizational culture, shared responsibility. VSM does not deal with organizational culture because the statistics will not be an accurate reflection of the true status of the organization, so feedback on performance will be disingenuine (Tepe and Haslett, 2002, p 520). This methodology is difficult to apply to diagnose in depth the responsibilities of each level. There may be goals, but they are not fixed and they can take account of the environment (Flood and Jackson, 1991, p 110). Conclusion This essay has argued that VSM is a suitable approach to solve ANBs problem. An implication of this is the possibility that VSM is able to deal with complex situations, even though it neglects some aspects. The VSM revealed that the problem was a weak contact between executive committee and the external environment, and there was no co-ordination , then, necessary changes were identified .These include motivation and keeping in touch with the external environment. Considerably more work will need to be done to determine other aspects of the problem. For example SSM could be better to solve turnover problems. This methodology can be used to develop targeted interventions aimed at diagnosing problem in the organisation.

The Benefits of Genetic Engineering Essay -- Genetic Engineering Resear

Outline I. Thesis statement: The benefits of genetic engineering far outweigh its potential for misuse. II. Genetic Engineering A. Definition of Genetic Engineering. (#6) B. Who invented Genetic Engineering Gregor Mendel (Christopher Lampton #7) Thomas Hunt Morgan (Christopher Lampton #7) III. Benefits of Genetic Engineering A. Genetic Screening (Laurence E. Karp #4) B. Gene Therapy (Renato Dulbecco #6) C. Cloning D. Genetic Surgery (Christopher Lampton #7) E. Benefits in Agriculture (David Pimentel and Maurizio G. Paoletti #2) IV. Potential Problems A. Ethics-playing God. B. What can be considered a disease or not. C. Mutant Army V. Arguments Against Problems A. Creation is a gift. B. All technologies have potential for abuse. C. Already unlocked "genetic genie" cannot put back into bottle. D. Laws to regulate genetics. E. Genetic Engineering can be used for so many good things. (restate benefits) VI. Closing Statements A. Though genetic engineering has potential for abuse, with tight control, the abuse can be minimized and the benefits can still be reaped from it. Genetic engineering is a quite volatile topic these days. On the one side, people are screaming about how people are "playing God" and the potential for disaster, and on the other side people are screaming about the vast potential for good that it has. But how can anyone make a decision if most of those people do not even know what genetic engineering is? The man who perhaps started this genetic revolution was a humble Augustinina... ...hether one likes it or not. Works Cited Mabie, Margot C.J. Bioethics &the New Medical Technology . New York: Athenium, 1993 Pimentel, David and Paoletti, Maurizio G., "Genetic Engineering in Agriculture and the Environment," Bioscience Oct. 1996. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997 Wilson, Jim, "Finding New Wonder Drugs," Popular Mechanics Oct. 1996. CD-ROM. UMI- Proquest. Jan. 1997 Karp, Laurence E. Genetic Engineering: Threat or Promise? . Chicago: Nelson-Hall, 1976 Lampton, Christopher. Gene Technology, Confronting the Issues . New York: Athenium, 1995 Dulbecco, Renato. "Gene Therapy," UNESCO Courier . Sep. 1994. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997 "What is genetic engineering?" (16 Apr. 1996). http://www.aba.asn.au/leaf2.html (24 Jan. 1997) Marsa, Linda. "Edible Vaccines: Enhancing the benefits of nature," Omni Sep. 1994. CD- ROM. UMI-Proquest. Jan. 1997

Pricilla and the Wimps Character Reflection

The character of Priscilla in the story â€Å"Priscilla and the Wimps† reveals numerous traits and characteristics which allow one to make assumptions about her as a person outside of the events depicted in the story. The first descriptive aspect of Priscilla as a character would be her physical appearance. We are made aware in the opening of the story that Priscilla stands as a massive individual in the school community and many students are fearful of her based solely on her physical stature.This may be confirmed on account of the fact that she only had one friend, Melvin Detweiler, and was not accepted by many of the other students who attended the school. Priscilla’s size and strength would lead me to believe that she has an athletic background, further shaping my idea her physical appearance. The first aspect of her physical appearance is her clothing, which I presume would be a stereotypical athletic style, such as track pants and a hoodie, some huge sneakers for her massive feet and a windbreaker.Her clothes may also be rather small because of her enormous size. Another way to refer to my ideas of Priscilla’s physical appearance is through her facial features, which may consist of a simple haircut, like a ponytail and possibly some bruises or scars from playing contact sports throughout the years. Another way to classify Priscilla as a character would be through her personality and mental concepts. I envision that she would have a protector-like personality which was demonstrated through her actions towards the end of the story, when Melvin was threatened by the Kobras.This unique disposition includes aspects such as being quietly forceful, original and sensitive while being extremely intuitive about people (Melvin), and concerned for their feelings. I think that Priscilla would also be well-respected for her perseverance in doing the right thing and likely to be individualistic, rather than leading or following. My ideas for Priscil la’s background and outside life will also reveal my illustration of this particular character. As stated before, I picture Priscilla to be involved with sports because of her physical abilities as well as to compensate for her lack of friends.Her lack of friends may also be because she could live in an isolated area where building relationships with other children her age is not possible. Her aggressive behavior revealed in the story may be a cause of belligerent parents or possibly an older brother who has picked on her or played a significant role in her life causing some masculine qualities to be rubbed off on Priscilla. Further exploring my impression of Priscilla, it may similarly benefit my overall image to examine her motivation for specific actions, her sense of humor and habits.The motivation for her actions throughout the circumstances presented in this story could be that she has only one friend and she will do anything to maintain that friendship through protecti on or other means. When Melvin is harassed by the Kobras, she sees them as a threat and deals with it in an aggressive manner to assure that Melvin will continue to see her as a friend, and know that she will have his back. Another possible motivation for Priscilla’s actions may be that she does not want to be seen as weak and wishes to sustain her reputation as the toughest in the school.When confronted by the Kobras, she sees an opportunity to prove to everyone how dangerous she is and reassures that no one will mess with her or Melvin. Priscilla’s sense of humor may also dictate who she is as a character. I consider that Priscilla has a sadist quality about her and finds that when she harms people she does not care for, she gets a sense of accomplishment and humor. This can be demonstrated by her actions at the end of the book when she locks Monk Klutter in her locker and continues to walk away with Melvin.Priscilla’s habits also shape her character, both pos itively and negatively. She may have a bad habit for being overly aggressive or constantly escalating conflicts to violent acts. She correspondingly has good habits, however, which may include standing up for what is right and being a good friend. Overall, my personal image of the character Priscilla is revealed through her actions in the story of â€Å"Priscilla and the Wimps† combined with my own ideas and concepts which I believe apply to this particular character.